RAZIA ABASSI . SHABANAM SHAIKH . NAJMA BANO SHAIKH

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Introduction : Acute renal failure is a serious complication in pregnancy. It does not only result in significant maternal morbidity and mortality but also it results in significant number of foetal loss.

Objective : To determine the frequency of pregnancy related to acute renal failure, etiology, maternal and fetal outcome of this preventable complication of pregnancy.

Methodology : This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology unit II of Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences Hospital Hyderabad from January, 2011 to December, 2011.It was descriptive study. A predesigned proforma was used. The clinical history was noted and all underwent a physical and systemic examination. Urine output was recorded. Routine laboratory tests were performed. Foetal and maternal outcome were recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS.

Results : Pregnancy related acute renal failure seen in 56(1.19%) women. Out of which 15(27%) were primigravida and 30(53%) were multigravida. Majority of woman 34(61%) were between 21-30 years of age. Majority of Woman 41(73%)patients had not received any antenatal care and there was a history of traditional birth attendants (Dai) assisted home delivery as compared to 15 (27%) cases with adequate antenatal care. Sixteen(29%) women presented in their first trimester of pregnancy while 41(73%) patients developed acute renal failure in their third trimester or in puerperium and 36(64%) were anuric. Blood loss due to antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage was the common cause of acute renal failure. Clinical spectrum of pregnancy related to acute renal failure showed antepartum haemorrhage 18(32%)cases, postpartum haemorrhage in 5(9%)cases, eclampsia in 11(20%)cases and septicemia seen in 12(21%)cases. Twenty four (43%)women receive haemodialysis and 32(57%)did not received dialysis.Maternal mortality was 26(46%) while foetal loss was 36(64%).

Conclusion: Obstetrical acute renal failure is not only a major health problem but it also leads to high maternal and perinatal mortality.